officials first became aware of the potential danger of pesticide runoff to humans in the early 1960s when Rachel Carson’s famous and influential Silent Spring was published. Though this book warned mainly of the detrimental effects of DDT for birds and other non-human victims, Carson’s work inspired health officials to speculate about the effects of […]
Idling prohibition or anti-idling campaigns near schools have shown significant reduction in particulate matter and harmful pollutants around schools . Children are, by their shorter stature, closer to the source of air pollution and have a faster respiratory rate which results in their exposure to black carbon being disproportionately high, particularly in association with transit […]
lower limit of air pollution and because of the steep exposure–response curve at lower levels of air pollution . The benefits may be even more pronounced for susceptible individuals such as those with chronic pulmonary conditions, at extremes of age , pregnant women and in utero . Dietary supplementation with vitamins C and E reduced […]
time on balance, increase the number of unmethylated cytosine sites relative to those methylated, following air pollution exposure. A decrease in 5-mC could also be mediated by enhanced conversion of 5-mC to 5-hmC, with subsequent conversion to 5-fC or 5-caC followed by excision-repair (Fig.1). Lower DNAm was also found in a study of older male […]
CYP1A1 and 1A2 . Since the remarkable scientific advances on the knowledge of cell death process, necrosis is not anymore considered as the only consequence of exposure to the toxic air pollutants. Indeed, impacts on activation or repression of apoptosis are now better described and numerous in vitro studies demonstrated the modulation of apoptosis by […]
within existing air quality standards and guidelines. Although the damage per individual is small when compared to more extreme events, such as mortality and hospitalizations, the effects are more widespread and may thus represent an important cost to society. The second challenge is the endogeneity of pollution. A large share of pollution is caused by […]
higher exposures to black carbon over a long period are at a higher risk for heart attacks and stroke. In addition, black carbon is associated with hypertension, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis, and a variety of types of cancer. Nitrogen oxides are important ambient air pollutants which may increase the risk of respiratory infections. […]
and in buses, by 3-fold . Driving with windows closed was found to reduce traffic-related PM2.5 exposure by around 3-fold versus windows open . Urban planning must evolve so that concerns regarding air pollution become central to development , and city centres must become practically designed so as to make living and working in close […]
based, practical recommendations should serve as a useful reference for advising patients and the public on individual-level interventions to reduce exposure to air pollution and mitigate the associated respiratory health risks. While we, like others , reveal that the quality of the evidence is lacking overall, we have supplemented what the suboptimal evidence suggests with […]
vitamins, and carotenoids in reducing the effects of air pollution, but replication and large-scale validation are critically needed . A recent controlled human exposure experiment tested B vitamin supplementation to reduce the effects of air pollution exposure on DNAm in CD4+ Th cells . PM2.5 exposure caused changes in DNAm that were attenuated (28–76% in […]